Upper Consolute Temperature of Water-Phenol Systems with Some Additives

M. Singh

Chemistry Research Lab, Deshbandhu College,University of Delhi, New Delhi-110019, India

Using upper consolute temperatures (UCT) and corresponding consolute compositions (CC) of water-phenol systems with each of 0.1 mol kg^-1 salts and acids, 1.0% polyethylene glycol 200, 0.01 mol kg-1 surfactant and aromatic compounds, we obtained 0.01 mol kg^-1 CaF₂ and CrCl₃ compositions. Focusing on UCT and CC, the role of valence electrons and shell number, basicity, hydrophilic, hydrophobic and π conjugated electrons of corresponding additives are reported. The surfactants and π conjugation electrons are noted to decrease the UCT in a constant ratio that depicts the state and inherent strength of ionic and molecular-water interactions. The data are useful in the investigation of cloud points of immiscible solutions based on the Hofmeister series.

Keywords: Upper consolute temperature, Hydrophilic, Hydrophobic, Molecular interaction, πconjugation